Table of Contents

Banking System in India

The Indian Banking System plays a crucial role in the economic development of the country by mobilizing savings, providing credit, and facilitating payments. It has evolved significantly since independence.

Structure of Indian Banking System

==== Regulatory Framework ####

Reserve Bank of India (RBI):

Banking Regulation Act, 1949:

==== Types of Banks ####

Bank Type Ownership Examples Market Share
Public Sector Banks Government majority SBI, PNB, BoB 59.8% (deposits)
Private Sector Banks Private ownership HDFC, ICICI, Axis 35.9% (deposits)
Foreign Banks Foreign ownership Citi, Standard Chartered 4.3% (deposits)

Public Sector Banks (PSBs)

==== Major PSBs ####

State Bank of India (SBI):

Other Major PSBs:

==== PSB Consolidation ####

Bank Mergers (2017-2020):

Private Sector Banks

==== New Generation Private Banks ####

HDFC Bank:

ICICI Bank:

Axis Bank:

==== Old Private Banks ####

Specialized Banks

==== Development Banks ####

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD):

Export-Import Bank (EXIM Bank):

==== Small Finance Banks ####

==== Payments Banks ####

Cooperative Banking

==== Structure ####

Three-Tier System:

1. **Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)** - Village level
2. **District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs)** - District level
3. **State Cooperative Banks (SCBs)** - State level

==== Urban Cooperative Banks ####

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

==== Establishment and Purpose ####

==== Functions ####

Banking Reforms

==== First Generation Reforms (1991) ####

Narasimham Committee I (1991):

==== Second Generation Reforms (1998) ####

Narasimham Committee II (1998):

==== Recent Reforms ####

Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) Trinity:

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) 2016:

Financial Inclusion

==== Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) ####

==== Digital Banking ####

Unified Payments Interface (UPI):

Digital Payment Systems:

Challenges in Banking Sector

==== Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) ####

==== Other Challenges ####

Future of Banking

==== Digital Transformation ####

==== Regulatory Developments ####

UPSC Relevance

Key Statistics

Memory Techniques

Major PSBs: SBI PNB BoB Canara Union

Private Banks: HDFC ICICI Axis

Back to Indian Economy | Home


Sources: RBI Annual Report, Economic Survey, Banking Statistics