Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the primary leader of India's independence movement and pioneer of the philosophy of non-violence (Satyagraha).

• Born: October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat
• Died: January 30, 1948, in New Delhi (assassinated)
• Known as: Bapu, Father of the Nation
• Philosophy: Satyagraha (non-violent resistance)

• Satyagraha Movement - Against discriminatory laws
• Fought against £3 annual tax on Indians
• Opposed immigration laws and registration certificates

• Champaran Satyagraha (1917) - Against indigo plantation system
• Kheda Satyagraha (1918) - Against tax collection during famine
• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) - Against British rule
• Salt Satyagraha (1930) - Dandi March against salt monopoly
• Quit India Movement (1942) - “Do or Die” call for independence

• “Hind Swaraj” (1909) - Critique of modern civilization
• “My Experiments with Truth” - Autobiography
• Harijan - Weekly journal for untouchability removal

• Paper: General Studies Paper I (Modern History)
• Topics: Freedom struggle, Gandhi's philosophy, Civil disobedience
• Previous Year Questions:
  1. Analyze Gandhi's role in freedom struggle (2019)
  2. Significance of Satyagraha in Indian independence (2018)

• 1893: Went to South Africa
• 1915: Returned to India
• 1920: Started Non-Cooperation Movement
• 1930: Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)
• 1942: Quit India Movement
• 1948: Assassination

• Non-Cooperation Movement
• Compare with 1857 methods

← Back to Indian History | Home

Sources: NCERT Class 8, 10, 12 History textbooks